Watering vertical gardens is a crucial aspect of keeping these structures green and healthy. Unlike traditional gardens, vertical gardens require specific irrigation systems to ensure that all plants receive the right amount of water.
In this article, we will explore in detail the different watering systems, how to calculate watering needs and the benefits of efficient watering in vertical gardens.
If you prefer, take a look at the video, where Jordi explains the basics:
Types of Vertical Garden Irrigation Systems
In the field of vertical garden irrigation, there are two main types of systems: recirculating and non-recirculating (also known as wastewater systems).
Non-Recirculating Irrigation Systems
Non-recirculating systems are suitable for vertical gardens up to 50-80 m². In these systems, water is applied to the garden and any excess is lost, draining to the drain. These systems are ideal for smaller gardens where the amount of water wasted is not a significant problem from an ecological or economic point of view.
Recirculating Irrigation Systems
For larger vertical gardens, especially those larger than 80 m², it is advisable to use recirculation systems. In these systems, the water that is not absorbed by the plants is collected in a channel, stored in a reservoir and reused for the irrigation of the vertical garden itself. This approach is not only more sustainable, but can also be more economical in the long run.
Non-Recirculating Irrigation Systems: Applications and Benefits
Non-recirculating irrigation systems are common in smaller vertical gardens. These systems are simpler to install and maintain. However, they must be designed efficiently to minimise water waste.
For example, in a vertical garden in Madrid, the amount of water needed can vary according to the season.
In summer, evapotranspiration may be approximately 6 litres per day per square metre, while in winter it may be only 1.5 litres. This calculation is crucial to determine the proper watering time and to ensure that the plants receive sufficient water without overwatering.
Recirculating Irrigation Systems: How They Work and When To Use Them
Recirculating irrigation systems are more complex but offer several benefits, especially in larger vertical gardens. These systems collect excess water and recycle it, reducing waste and ensuring efficient water use.
To implement a recirculation system, it is essential to control the quality of the water in the storage tank. This includes monitoring the conductivity and pH of the water to avoid salt build-up and other problems that can affect plant health. If the conductivity increases too much, the tank needs to be emptied and refilled with fresh water.
Considerations to take into account when irrigating vertical gardens
In summary, irrigation systems can be divided into two main groups, recirculation and waste water. Water will be distributed in both cases through zoned valves and main pipes with flow control and monitored by remote control.
Irrigation water shall be accurately applied through drip lines of not less than 16 mm diameter. Drippers shall be in-line drippers, each operating at a minimum of 1,6 litres per hour.
The irrigation panel shall be located in a watertight enclosure; consult us for pre-service requirements. Enclosure sizes will vary depending on the size of the habitable wall and the irrigation design.
In the case of recirculating systems, the tank shall be sized to contain a 24 hour supply of irrigation water and irrigation pumping shall be by a reliable pump or booster set capable of supplying the correct pressure at all drip locations in the landscape. The system shall include a fail-safe pump start relay.
Calculating Irrigation Needs
Calculating the watering needs of a vertical garden involves considering several factors, the most important of which is evapotranspiration. This term refers to the amount of water that plants lose through transpiration and evaporation.
For a garden in Madrid, for example, evapotranspiration can be 6 litres per day per square metre in summer. If the garden is 9 m², 54 litres of water per day will be needed. This calculation can be adjusted according to the season of the year and the specific conditions of the garden.
Factors to Consider: Climate and Orientation
The climate and orientation of the vertical garden also influence watering needs. Gardens exposed to direct sun will need more water than those in partial shade. In addition, local climatic conditions, such as temperature and humidity, should be considered when calculating watering times.
In warmer and drier climates, such as Madrid, watering needs will be higher compared to cooler and more humid climates. Therefore, it is crucial to adapt the irrigation system to the specific conditions of each location to ensure an adequate water supply.
Management and Maintenance of Recirculation Systems
Maintenance of a recirculating irrigation system includes regular checking of the water tank, cleaning of filters and checking the conductivity and pH of the water. Automating these processes can facilitate maintenance and ensure that the system operates optimally.
It is important to ensure that the water in the tank is not contaminated and that the nutrient levels are adequate for the plants. Regular monitoring and good management of recycled water can prevent problems such as algae growth or salt build-up.
Hydroponic Irrigation in Vertical Gardens
Hydroponic irrigation is a popular technique in vertical gardens, especially in recirculating systems. In this method, nutrients are added to the irrigation water to ensure that the plants receive all the elements necessary for growth.
Hydroponics can be especially effective in vertical gardens, as it allows precise control of the nutrients and pH of the water. This can result in healthier and faster plant growth, as well as better utilisation of water and resources.
Benefits of Efficient Irrigation in Vertical Gardens
Efficient irrigation in vertical gardens not only ensures the health of the plants, but also contributes to the sustainability and economy of the system. Water recirculation reduces waste, while proper irrigation control can prevent problems such as over-watering and fungal growth.
In addition, efficient irrigation can improve the appearance and longevity of the vertical garden, making it more attractive and functional. Investing in a good irrigation system can result in long-term savings and a more sustainable and healthy garden.
Conclusions and Best Practices in Vertical Garden Irrigation
Vertical garden irrigation is a crucial aspect that requires attention and care. Whether using recirculating or non-recirculating systems, it is essential to correctly calculate the water needs and adapt the system to the specific conditions of the garden. Maintaining regular monitoring and good management of the irrigation system can ensure the health and beauty of the vertical garden, while promoting sustainable and water-efficient practices.
For those interested in learning more about irrigation systems and hydroponics techniques, I recommend exploring additional courses and resources that delve deeper into these topics. With the right knowledge and the right tools, anyone can maintain a vibrant and healthy vertical garden.
